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What is the global stock market?

It is the stock exchange that provides all the financial needs of the largest companies in the world, as well as providing financial support and innovation to raise capital for companies and individual investors around the world.

These global stock exchanges began to operate more than 500 years ago, that is, in the 16th century in Antwerp. Thanks to our previous article, Learn Stocks From Scratch, you can learn more about the way stocks are traded globally, and now there is a global exchange called Stone, which includes different types of Global Finance and Stock Markets.

The global exchange was launched in December 2013 as the Channel Islands Stock Exchange (CISE) when the Royal Court of Guernsey agreed to give it permission to take over the operations of the Channel Islands Stock Exchange.

Definition of the term stock market:

• The stock market is a market for trading securities, exchanging goods and selling in different parts of the world. The exchange imposes strict laws that an investor or company must follow. in the markets
• Also, exchange-traded commodities and commodities are not real assets but in the form of securities that are usually bonds, stocks or metals.
• According to the data, the total market capitalization of the 60 stock exchanges in the world is about $69 trillion, with the largest value in favor of the European continent, Asia and the United States. North America by about 93%.

There are two types of stock market functions:

• Primary markets: through which companies, governments, municipalities and consolidated entities can increase the proportion of capital by directing the savings of investors towards productive projects.
• Secondary Markets: Through which investors in the secondary market can sell securities to other investors, which reduces investment risks and maintains liquidity in the system.

1-New York Stock Exchange:

• The New York Stock Exchange, symbolized by NYSE, is the largest stock exchange in the world and in the United States of America.
• This stock exchange is the largest in terms of market capitalization, especially after the First World War when most of the world's economies collapsed, when it was transferred to the London Stock Exchange during this period.
• The market capitalization of the New York Stock Exchange in 2018 reached more than 30 billion dollars, thanks to the large number of companies and investors who invest in this exchange, which includes about 2,300 companies.
• This global stock exchange is not limited to a specific field of companies, there are companies in finance, energy, consumer goods, trading, health and other sectors.
• Some of the companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange include ExxonMobil, Disney, General Electric, Coca-Cola, and others.

2- Nasdaq:

The Nasdaq Stock Exchange in the 1930s

• The Nasdaq, founded in 1971, is the largest stock exchange in the United States by number of publicly traded companies, surpassing the New York Stock Exchange and the second largest by market capitalization.
• The exchange includes more than 3,800 companies, all operating in the technology sector, including Facebook, Google, Apple, Intel, Microsoft, Yahoo, Amazon, eBay and other tech companies.
• In 2018, the market capitalization of Nasdaq reached about 10 trillion dollars, thanks to the Nasdaq Index, which represents the Nasdaq 100 Index, which measures the performance of the stock market and companies in the American market.

3- London Stock Exchange:

• The London Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange on the European continent, with a history dating back more than 300 years. This stock exchange was established in 1698 as a market price bulletin, but then it began to conduct buying and selling operations, and for this it was considered the largest stock exchange until the end of the First World War, and it was merged by a number of stock exchanges. Regional stock exchanges in 1973 to form the Great Britain and Ireland Stock Exchange, which was later renamed the London Stock Exchange (LSE) after the city of London in which the stock exchange is located
• In 2007, several European stock exchanges joined the London Stock Exchange, such as the Milan Stock Exchange and the Italian Stock Exchange.
• The oldest stock exchange houses more than 3000 companies from all over the world such as Vodafone, HSBC, etc., as well as the largest stock market indices in the world, FTSE 100 and FTSE 250.
• The total market capitalization of the London Stock Exchange in 2019 was about $5 trillion.

4- Frankfurt Stock Exchange:

Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Germany

• This scholarship is located in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Founded in 1602, the stock exchange was initially a commodity exchange before becoming a stock, stock and bond exchange.
• In 2000, the Brussels Stock Exchange merged with the Paris Stock Exchange to create an exchange called Euronext.
• This global exchange includes more than 1,300 companies in various fields, such as ING, Heineken, AFK and others.
• Euronext's market capitalization in 2018 reached $4 billion.

5- Frankfurt Stock Exchange:

• The German Stock Exchange in Frankfurt is the fifth largest in the world and the largest in Germany. This international stock exchange was founded in 1820 and is headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany.
• In 1993, with the acquisition of the property, the stock market, which is symbolized by the symbol Xetra in world markets, began the process of trading shares of major international and German companies such as Adidas, BMW and others.
• The market capitalization of the stock market in 2018 exceeded nearly $2 trillion.

6- Warsaw Stock Exchange

• The Warsaw Stock Exchange is one of the largest global exchanges in existence today, thanks to the fact that it offers electronic trading in a wide range of stocks and bonds.
• Today, the Polish Stock Exchange in Warsaw, founded in 1991, is the largest stock exchange in Eastern Europe.
• In 2008, the Warsaw Stock Exchange, symbolized by the symbol WSE, was recognized by international financial organizations and stock exchanges as one of the most important emerging stock exchanges, and in 2017 it was upgraded to developed markets.
• In 2013, the Warsaw Stock Exchange joined the United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchange Initiative.
• The market capitalization of the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2017 amounted to about 450 billion dollars.

7- Tokyo Stock Exchange (Japan):

• The Tokyo Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange outside the United States of America and the largest stock exchange in Japan.
• This global stock exchange was established in 1878 after the end of World War II and is headquartered in Tokyo, the capital of Japan.
• This global stock exchange includes more than 3,500 publicly listed companies from all over the world with a market capitalization of nearly $5 trillion or more.
• In 2013, the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Osaka Stock Exchange merged to form the Japan Stock Exchange Group and to counteract the downturn in financial markets during this period.
• Among the major indicators of the Japanese stock market is the Japan Index 225 or also called the Nikkei 225.

8- Hong Kong Stock Exchange:

Keep track of previous stock price movements on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange

• Founded in 1891 and headquartered in Hong Kong, the China Hong Kong Stock Exchange is the second largest stock exchange in Asia after the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
• The stock exchange includes more than 2,100 listed companies from different countries around the world, and its market value in 2018 amounted to about 4 trillion dollars.
• The Hang Seng Index is the main index of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the index contains a large number of companies and banks located in China.
• Some statistics indicate that the 20 largest stocks listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange represent the highest market capitalization on the stock exchange.

9- Shanghai Stock Exchange:

• This global stock exchange, which stands for SSE, was established in 1990 and is considered one of the most important exchanges in China after the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
• Its market capitalization reached nearly $5 billion in 2018.

10- Shenzhen Stock Exchange:

• The Shenzhen Stock Exchange is the fourth largest in the Asian continent and one of the independently operating exchanges in China. This scholarship was established in 1990 and is based in Shenzhen, China.
• The Chinese stock exchange has many companies listed on it, whether they are Chinese or not, and their market capitalization reached nearly $4 trillion in 2018.